India’s Intended Nationally Determined Contribution: At a Glance
The Minister of State for Environment, Forest and Climate Change (Independent Charge), Shri Prakash Javadekar addressing a press conference on INDCs, in New Delhi on October 02, 2015. The Secretary, Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Shri Ashok Lavasa, the Director General (M&C), Press Information Bureau, Shri A.P. Frank Noronha and other dignitaries are also seen.
• To put forward and further propagate a healthy and sustainable way of living based on traditions and values of conservation and moderation.
• To adopt a climate-friendly and a cleaner path than the one followed hitherto by others at corresponding level of economic development.
• To reduce the emissions intensity of its GDP by 33 to 35 per cent by 2030 from 2005 level.
• To achieve about 40 per cent cumulative electric power installed capacity from non-fossil fuel based energy resources by 2030, with the help of transfer of technology and low cost international finance, including from Green Climate Fund.
• To create an additional carbon sink of 2.5 to 3 billion tonnes of CO2 equivalent through additional forest and tree cover by 2030.
• To better adapt to climate change by enhancing investments in development programmes in sectors vulnerable to climate change, particularly agriculture, water resources, Himalayan region, coastal regions, health and disaster management.
• To mobilize domestic and new and additional funds from developed countries to implement the above mitigation and adaptation actions in view of the resource required and the resource gap.
• To build capacities, create domestic framework and international architecture for quick diffusion of cutting edge climate technology in India and for joint collaborative R&D for such future technologies.
India’s
Intended Nationally Determined Contribution: At a Glance
India has submitted its Intended Nationally Determined Contribution (INDC)
to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Some of the
salient points of the INDC are:
• To put forward and further propagate a healthy and sustainable way of living based on traditions and values of conservation and moderation.
• To adopt a climate-friendly and a cleaner path than the one followed hitherto by others at corresponding level of economic development.
• To reduce the emissions intensity of its GDP by 33 to 35 per cent by 2030 from 2005 level.
• To achieve about 40 per cent cumulative electric power installed capacity from non-fossil fuel based energy resources by 2030, with the help of transfer of technology and low cost international finance, including from Green Climate Fund.
• To create an additional carbon sink of 2.5 to 3 billion tonnes of CO2 equivalent through additional forest and tree cover by 2030.
• To better adapt to climate change by enhancing investments in development programmes in sectors vulnerable to climate change, particularly agriculture, water resources, Himalayan region, coastal regions, health and disaster management.
• To mobilize domestic and new and additional funds from developed countries to implement the above mitigation and adaptation actions in view of the resource required and the resource gap.
• To build capacities, create domestic framework and international architecture for quick diffusion of cutting edge climate technology in India and for joint collaborative R&D for such future technologies.
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India’s
Intended Nationally Determined Contribution is Balanced and Comprehensive:
Environment Minister
India to reduce the Emissions Intensity of its GDP by 33 to 35 Per Cent by 2030 from 2005 Level
India to create additional Carbon Sink of 2.5 to 3 Billion Tonnes of Co2 Equivalent through Additional Forest and Tree Cover by 2030
India to Anchor a Global Solar Alliance
India to reduce the Emissions Intensity of its GDP by 33 to 35 Per Cent by 2030 from 2005 Level
India to create additional Carbon Sink of 2.5 to 3 Billion Tonnes of Co2 Equivalent through Additional Forest and Tree Cover by 2030
India to Anchor a Global Solar Alliance
The Government has
said that India’s Intended Nationally Determined Contribution (INDC) is
balanced and comprehensive. Addressing a press conference here today,
Union Minister of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Shri Prakash
Javadekar, said that India is keen to attempt to work towards a low carbon
emission pathway, while simultaneously endeavoring to meet all the
developmental challenges that the country faces today. Shri Javadekar said that
INDC include reduction in the emissions intensity of its GDP by 33 to 35 per
cent by 2030 from 2005 level and to create an additional carbon sink of 2.5 to
3 billion tonnes of CO2equivalent through additional forest and tree
cover by 2030. India has also decided to anchor a global solar
alliance, INSPA (International Agency for Solar Policy & Application), of
all countries located in between Tropic of Cancer and Tropic of
Capricorn.
The Minister said,
‘recent decisions of the Government represent a quantum jump in its aspirations
and demonstrate unparalleled vision’. He also said that India’s
contribution represent utmost ambitious action in the current state of
development.
The INDC centre
around India’s policies and programmes on promotion of clean energy, especially
renewable energy, enhancement of energy efficiency, development of less carbon
intensive and resilient urban centres, promotion of waste to wealth, safe,
smart and sustainable green transportation network, abatement of pollution and
India’s efforts to enhance carbon sink through creation of forest and tree
cover. It also captures citizens and private sector contribution to
combating climate change. The INDC proposals are on the following:
a.
Sustainable Lifestyles
b. Cleaner
Economic Development
c.
Reduce Emission intensity of Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
d. Increase
the Share of Non Fossil Fuel Based Electricity
e.
Enhancing Carbon Sink (Forests)
f.
Adaptation
g. Mobilizing
Finance
h. Technology
Transfer and Capacity Building
INDC outlines the
post-2020 climate actions they intend to take under a new international
agreement. The INDC document is prepared with a view to taking forward
the Prime Minister’s vision of a sustainable lifestyle and climate justice to
protect the poor and vulnerable from adverse impacts of climate change.
Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change adopted an inclusive process
for preparation of India’s INDC. It held stakeholder consultations with the
specific involvement of the key Ministries and State Governments.
Interactions were also held with civil society organisations, thinktanks and
technical & academic institutions of eminence. The Ministry had
commissioned Greenhouse Gas (GHG) modeling studies for projections of GHG
emissions till 2050 with a decadal gap. The gist of all these consultations
& studies were taken on board before submitting India’s INDC. For India’s
INDC, Government zeroed-in-on a set of contributions which are
comprehensive, balanced, equitable and pragmatic and addresses all the elements
including Adaptation, Mitigation, Finance, Technology Transfer, Capacity
Building and Transparency in Action and Support.
Planned actions
and economic reforms have contributed positively to the rapidly declining
growth rate of energy intensity in India. The Government of India, through its
various institutions and resources, has taken steps to de-couple the Indian
energy system from carbon in the long run. Despite
facing enormous development challenges like poverty eradication, ensuring housing,
electricity and food security for all, India declared a voluntary goal of
reducing the emissions intensity of its GDP by 20–25%, over 2005 levels by
2020, despite having no binding mitigation obligations as per the
Convention. A slew of policy measures to promote low carbon
strategies and Renewable Energy have resulted in the decline of
emission intensity of our GDP by 12% between 2005 and 2010. It is a matter of
satisfaction that United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) in its Emission
Gap Report 2014 has recognized India as one of the countries on course to
achieving its voluntary goal.
India has adopted several ambitious measures for clean and renewable
energy, energy efficiency in various sectors of industries, achieving lower
emission intensity in the automobile and transport sector, non-fossil based
electricity generation and building sector based on energy conservation. Thrust
on renewable energy, promotion of clean energy, enhancing energy efficiency,
developing climate resilient urban centres and sustainable green transportation
network are some of the measures for achieving this goal.
Solar power in
India is poised to grow significantly with Solar Mission as a major initiative
of the Government of India. A scheme for development of 25 Solar Parks, Ultra
Mega Solar Power Projects, canal top solar projects and one hundred thousand
solar pumps for farmers is at different stages of implementation. The
Government’s goal of ‘Electricity for All’ is sought to be achieved by the
above programs that would require huge investments, infusion of new technology,
availability of nuclear fuel and international support.
The energy efficiency of thermal power plants will be systematically and
mandatorily improved. Over one million medium and small enterprises will be
involved in the Zero Defect Zero Effect Scheme to improve their quality, energy
efficiency, enhance resource efficiency, pollution control, waste management
and use of renewable energy.
Urban transport policy will encourage moving people rather than vehicles
with a major focus on Mass Rapid Transit Systems. In addition to 236 km of
metro rail in place, about 1150 km metro projects for cities including Pune,
Ahmedabad and Lucknow are being planned. Delhi Metro, which has become India’s
first MRTS project to earn carbon credits, has the potential to reduce about
0.57 million tonnes of CO2 e annually.
The switch from Bharat Stage IV (BS IV) to Bharat Stage V (BS V) and Bharat
Stage VI (BS VI) to improve fuel standards across the country is also planned
for the near future.
Renewable energy
sources are a strategic national resource. Harnessing these sources will put
India on the path to a cleaner environment, energy independence and, a stronger
economy. The renewable energy technologies contribute to better air quality,
reduce reliance on fossil fuels, curb global warming, add jobs to the economy
and, protect environmental values such as habitat and water quality. Over
the years India has successfully created a positive outlook necessary to promote
investment in, demand for, and supply of, renewable energy. India’s strategy on
renewable energy is driven by the objectives of energy security, energy access
and also reducing the carbon footprints of the national energy systems. It has
evolved over the years through increasingly stronger commitment at federal
level.
The institutional
arrangement for offtake of renewable energy power will be further strengthened
by Renewable Purchase Obligations and Renewable Generation Obligations.
India’s share of non-fossil fuel in the total installed capacity is projected
to change from 30% in 2015 to about 40 % by 2030. India is running one of
the largest renewable capacity expansion programmes in the world. Between 2002
and 2015, the share of renewable grid capacity has increased over 6 times, from
2% (3.9 GW) to around 13% (36 GW) from a mix of sources including Wind
Power, Small Hydro Power, Biomass Power / Cogeneration, Waste to Power and
Solar Power. On normative terms the CO2emission abatement achieved
from the renewable power installed capacity was 84.92 million tons CO2 eq.
/year as of 30 June 2015.
To accelerate
development and deployment of renewable energy in the country, the Government
is taking a number of initiatives like up-scaling of targets for renewable
energy capacity addition from 30GW by 2016-17 to 175 GW by 2021-22.The
renewable power target of 175 GW by 2022 will result in abatement of 326.22
million tons of CO2 eq. /year. The ambitious solar
expansion programme seeks to enhance the capacity to 100 GW by 2022, which is
expected to be scaled up further thereafter. Efforts will include scaling up
efforts to increase the share of non-fossil fuel based energy resources in
total electricity mix including wind power, solar, hydropower, biomass, waste
to energy and nuclear power.
The range of
ecosystem goods and services provided by forests include carbon sequestration
and storage. Despite the significant opportunity costs, India is one of the few
countries where forest and tree cover has increased in recent years and the
total forest and tree cover amounts to 24% percent of the geographical area of
the country. Over the past two decades progressive national forestry
legislations and policies of India have transformed India’s forests into a net
sink of CO2. With its focus on sustainable forest management, afforestation and
regulating diversion of forest land for non-forest purpose, India plans to
increase its carbon stock. Government of India’s long term goal is to increase
its forest cover through a planned afforestation drive which includes number of
programmes and initiatives like Green India Mission, green highways policy,
financial incentive for forests, plantation along rivers, REDD-Plus & Other
Policies and Compensatory Afforestation Fund Management and Planning
Authority
For the first time
devolution of funds to states from the federal pool will be based on a formula
that attaches 7.5 % weight to the area under forest. It takes into account the
changing realities in order to rebalance the fiscal system of the country in a
way that will incentivize greener distribution of resources. This initiative
will give afforestation a massive boost by conditioning about USD 6.9 billion
of transfers to the states based on their forest cover, which is projected to
increase up to USD 12 billion by 2019-20.
For India,
adaptation is inevitable and an imperative for the development process. India
is facing climate change as a real issue, which is impacting some of its key
sectors like agriculture and water. The adverse impacts of climate change on
the developmental prospects of the country are further amplified enormously by
the existence of widespread poverty and dependence of a large proportion of the
population on climate sensitive sectors for livelihood. It is of immediate
importance and requires action now. In the INDC, the country has
focused on adaptation efforts, including: a) developing sustainable habitats;
b) optimizing water use efficiency; c) creating ecologically sustainable
climate resilient agricultural production systems; d) safeguarding the
Himalayan glaciers and mountain ecosystem; and, e) enhancing carbon sinks in
sustainably managed forests and implementing adaptation measures for vulnerable
species, forest-dependent communities and ecosystems. India has also set up a
National Adaptation Fund with an initial allocation of INR 3,500 million (USD
55.6 million) to combat the adaptation needs in key sectors. This fund
will assist national and state level activities to meet the cost of adaptation
measures in areas that are particularly vulnerable to the adverse effects of
climate change.
India's climate
actions have so far been largely financed from domestic resources. India
already has ambitious climate action plans in place. Preliminary domestic
requirements to implement national climate plans add upto more than USD 2.5
trillion between 2015 and 2030.Substantial scaling up these plans would require
greater resources. Developing countries like India are resource constrained and
are already spending enormous amounts on climate change, . Implementing climate
change mitigation and adaptation actions would require domestic and new &
additional funds from developed countries in view of the resource required and
the resource gap.
Urgent efforts to
reduce GHG emissions need to take place against the backdrop of a growing
energy demand and urbanisation in India. With the responsibility of lifting
around 360 million people out of poverty and raising the standard of living of
an even greater number of people, technology is the only powerful solution for
countries like India that can simultaneously address climate change and
development needs. Technology development and transfer and capacity-building
are key to ensuring adequate development and deployment of clean-technologies.
The technology gap between rich and poor countries remains enormous and the
capacity of developing economies to adopt new technology needs to be
enhanced. Enhanced action on technology development and transfer will be
central in enabling the full and effective implementation of India’s INDC.
Developed countries should be supportive and help in transfer of technology,
remove barriers, create facilitative IPR regime, provide finance, capacity
building support and create a global framework for Research & Development
on clean coal and other technologies.
India has submitted it’s Intended Nationally Determined Contribution on
Gandhi Jayanti, The approach of India’s INDC has been anchored in the vision of
equity inspired by the Father of our Nation Mahatma Gandhi's famous
exhortation;“Earth has enough resources to meet people’s needs, but will
never have enough to satisfy people's greed” and formulated under
the leadership and guidance of the Prime Minister, Shri
Narendra Modi, who
has called for ‘convenient action’ in order to deal with the ‘inconvenient
truth’ of climate change.
Conference of
Parties (COP) of United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)
at 19th Session held in Warsaw in November 2013 invited all Parties to initiate
domestic preparations for their INDC towards achieving the objective of the
Convention and to communicate them, well in advance of the 21stsession
of the Conference of Parties. The concept of ‘Nationally Determined
Contributions’, taking into account the outcomes of both Warsaw COP 19 and Lima
COP 20 has to (i) reflect the principles of equity and Common But
Differentiated Responsibilities (CBDR) and (ii) the Country’s contributions
must be seen in a balanced and comprehensive context.
Expectations from Paris
1) A
balanced agreement with all components -mitigation, adaptation, technology,
finance and capacity building- consistent with the principles and provisions of
the Convention;
2) New,
additional and predictable finances from developed and developing countries for
mitigation, adaptation, technology transfer and capacity building;
3) Provision
of technology development, transfer and diffusion;
4) Paris Agreement must
incorporate loss and damage and make operational Warsaw International
Mechanism.
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Presentation on INDC by the Ministry of Environment & Forest
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